Written By: Mrs. Mayuri Mathur

Published On: 03 Jun, 2023 3:28 PM | Updated On: 11 May, 2024 4:25 PM

ADHD and Women's Health: Understanding the Link with Hormonal Changes and Menstruation

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological disorder characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty focusing, which can be influenced by estrogen levels, especially in females. While estrogen does not cause or cure ADHD, it can impact the severity of symptoms. Estrogen affects neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which play a role in ADHD symptoms related to memory, focus, and mood. 

What triggers ADHD in Women?

Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman's life, particularly during the reproductive years, can significantly affect how ADHD symptoms are experienced and managed.

At Puberty: As girls enter and progress through puberty, they undergo notable physical transformations along with changes in their brain structure. These transformations have a direct impact on their ADHD symptoms. Since ADHD is rooted in the brain, it is greatly influenced by shifts in hormone levels.

During Menstruating: During the menstrual cycle, estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate, leading to changes in ADHD symptoms. The menstrual cycle's beginning is marked by increased estrogen levels, potentially leading to an improved sense of well-being. During ovulation, estrogen levels drop, and progesterone levels rise, resulting in mood shifts, irritability, and decreased energy levels. In the last days of the cycle, both estrogen and progesterone decrease, leading to significant changes in mood, energy and the emergence of symptoms such as sadness, mood swings, difficulty sleeping, irritability, anxiety, confusion, and fatigue. Since these chemicals influence ADHD symptoms, women with ADHD may be more sensitive to estrogen fluctuations.

During Menopause: Women approaching menopause may experience an increase in these symptoms as estrogen levels gradually decrease. Conversely, pregnancy, with higher estrogen levels may provide some relief from ADHD symptoms.

Hormonal changes, from monthly menstrual cycles to menopause, can present challenges and discomfort for all women, but it can be particularly challenging for those with ADHD. This also underlines the need for attending women's health check-ups regularly.

Signs and symptoms of ADHD

Females are more prone to experiencing the predominantly inattentive form of ADHD, characterized by difficulties maintaining focus and concentration rather than behavioral and impulse control issues. Common signs that may be observed include:

• Difficulty paying attention 

• Difficulty staying engaged in tasks 

• Challenges in managing relationships 

• Difficulty regulating emotions 

• Struggles with organization 

• Tendency to misplace or forget things

How to Manage ADHD?

Effectively managing your menstrual cycle with ADHD involves understanding the changes happening in your body and finding strategies to cope with symptom spikes. Keeping a daily record of how you feel over a few months can help identify patterns and inform your approach.

Consulting with your doctor about potential medication adjustments is crucial during this time.

Here are some suggested strategies that can be beneficial for individuals managing both ADHD and severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS):

1. Keep a log or journal to track patterns of symptoms. This record can help create a treatment plan with the guidance of a doctor.

2. Foster support by openly discussing hormonal changes with a partner. Their understanding can be valuable during challenging times.

3. Seek guidance from a therapist who is knowledgeable about ADHD. They can provide valuable insights and assist in developing effective management strategies.

4. Take care of your physical well-being by maintaining a healthy diet. Include plenty of fruits and vegetables, especially leafy greens, as they can alleviate symptoms of ADHD and PMS-related fatigue.

5. Engage in exercise and meditation, as they are highly recommended for managing symptoms of both ADHD and PMS.

6. Pre-plan your work and commitments by allowing extra time and flexibility, especially during periods when symptoms may be more challenging.

7. Prioritize sufficient sleep, recognizing that PMS can disrupt sleep patterns. Establish a consistent sleep schedule and create a sleep-friendly environment by avoiding electronic devices in the bedroom and refraining from alcohol and heavy meals before bedtime.

8. Minimize stress, as it can worsen both PMS and ADHD symptoms. Individuals with predominantly inattentive ADHD, which is common among menstruating individuals, may be susceptible to stress. Implement self-care practices such as mindfulness exercises, deep breathing, or yoga to reduce stress and enhance overall well-being.

9. Aim for receiving women's full body check-ups regularly as they are vital for early detection and prevention of potential health issues, ensuring overall well-being.

The bottom line

In conclusion, estrogen fluctuations associated with menstrual cycles, puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can significantly impact ADHD symptoms in individuals assigned to females at birth. Understanding the relationship between ADHD and hormonal changes can help individuals develop effective strategies for managing their symptoms during different phases of their lives. 

Open communication, self-care practices, regularly taking female full body check-ups, and seeking support from healthcare professionals can contribute to better coping with ADHD and its interaction with hormonal fluctuations, particularly during menstruation.