Refractory benign esophageal strictures are characterized by fi brotic restriction.
Electrocautery shows a 100% response in 1 session for short strictures (<1 cm), while long strictures (1.5-5 cm) require a mean of 3 sessions with no complications.
Regenerative medicine options include autologous pluripotent cell therapy, fabricated autologous epidermal cell sheets and tissue engineering.
Esophageal stents demonstrate an overall success rate of 46% to 80%, with lower success rates for upper esophageal strictures ranging from 10% to 30%.Â
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