Efficacy of Moisturizing Therapies for Nipple Trauma and Pain in Breastfeeding Women

Nipple trauma and pain can hinder breastfeeding, often resulting in early cessation. Moisturizing therapies, such as lanolin and hydrogel dressings, are suggested for managing these issues; however, evidence supporting their effectiveness is limited.  This review sought to evaluate the effectiveness of moisturizing therapy for nipple trauma and pain in breastfeeding women.

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA-P guidelines, involving searches across seven databases. A total of 24 studies were analyzed, with interventions categorized by their level of moisturization: high, moderate, or low. The review examined sample characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. 

The results demonstrated the following:

• Twenty-one interventions were identified, categorized into high moisturization (two types), moderate moisturization (12 types), and low moisturization (seven types).
• Commonly used therapies included hydrogel dressings, lanolin, and breast milk.
• Although the studies varied in their evaluation methods, 10 out of 24 studies (41%) indicated that higher moisturization was more effective.
• Among the three studies with high moisturization interventions, two (66%) showed effectiveness compared to low moisturization methods; however, two of these studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias and reported some adverse effects.

To summarize, moisturizing therapies appear more effective than drying or using breast milk for treating nipple trauma and pain, however, high moisturization should be used cautiously due to the limited number of rigorous studies and reported risks. Methodological issues and a lack of strong trials complicate the synthesis of evidence and the ability to draw firm conclusions.

Source: Nakamura M, Luo Y, Ebina Y. Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Moisturizing Therapy in Treating Nipple Trauma and Nipple Pain. Journal of Human Lactation. 2024;41(1):39-53. doi:10.1177/08903344241301401