Fetomaternal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

A recent retrospective analytical study evaluated the risk factors and feto-maternal outcomes in mothers with Gestational diabetes mellitus. It included Antenatal patients beyond 22 weeks of gestation with deranged sugars. It made the diagnosis of GDM by Oral Glucose Tolerance test or by FBS, PPBS values. 

The study gave diabetic mothers- a diabetic diet and initiated insulin or oral hypoglycaemic agents according to their requirements and monitored. It then compared the risk factors and effects on maternal and fetal outcomes among the groups. 

The study found-

• A higher incidence of Gestational diabetes mellitus (68%) in mothers > 30 years, with increased parity and increased pre-pregnancy BMI. 
• More incidence of being born preterm (32%) and increased incidence of delivery by Caesarian Section (60%) in the babies born to GDM mothers. 
• A higher mean birth weight (3.43 kg) in GDM babies and a higher incidence of IUFD in mothers of GDM. 
• Significantly higher feto-maternal morbidity in patients with GDM. 

This study found significant feto-maternal morbidity in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Hence, early detection by screening and timely intervention will help enhance the feto-maternal outcome.

Rajshree D, Adithi JP. Retrospective Study on Fetomaternal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Gynecol 2021, 6(4): 000225.