Impact of Endorphin Massage Therapy on Preoperative Anxiety in Cesarean Section Patients Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia

Anxiety levels in patients undergoing preoperative cesarean sections with spinal anesthesia can influence both physiological and psychological outcomes. Endorphin massage therapy, designed to enhance endorphin production and alleviate anxiety, was the focus of this study, which aimed to assess its impact on anxiety levels in patients. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test format and no control group, the study involved 30 preoperative cesarean patients selected through purposive sampling. Anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire before and after the massage therapy. Data analysis utilized paired statistical tests. 

Results indicated a significant reduction in anxiety levels, with scores dropping from an average of 23.23 before the intervention to 11.90 afterward, reflecting an average difference of 11.23. The Wilcoxon statistical test confirmed these findings, leading to the conclusion that endorphin massage therapy is an effective non-pharmacological approach to reducing anxiety in patients preparing for cesarean sections with spinal anesthesia.

Source: Ananda R, Annisa R. The Effect of Endorphin Massage on Anxiety Levels in Preoperative Caesarean Section Patients with Spinal Anesthesia at RSI Purwokerto. Indonesian Health Journal. 2025;4(1). https://doi.org/10.58344/ihj.v4i1.658.