Inadequate prenatal nutrition is linked to an increased risk of insulin resistance in children

In recent years, several observational studies and animal clinical trials have established a connection between nutrition during different stages of life and the development of glucose metabolism problems. As a result, it is now widely accepted that maternal nutrition during pregnancy is crucial in determining the metabolic programming of the fetus. An imbalanced maternal diet is associated with inadequate fetal growth and a greater risk of insulin resistance in postnatal life, increasing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Adequate intake of micronutrients is also essential during intrauterine development.

Providing an adequate supply of macronutrients and micronutrients is essential to ensure a healthy and balanced maternal diet. Studies have shown that a diet rich in low glycemic index carbohydrates, low saturated fat, and sufficient protein is linked to better fetal metabolic outcomes. 

Additionally, micronutrients play a crucial role in maternal nutrition, particularly vitamins B6, B9, and B12, which are known to affect epigenetic regulation mechanisms and contribute to metabolic alterations later in life. Therefore, it is crucial to implement preventive strategies to achieve a balanced diet and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular risks in adulthood. 

Blasetti A, Quarta A, Guarino M, Cicolini I, Iannucci D, Giannini C, Chiarelli F. Role of Prenatal Nutrition in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Children. Nutrients. 2023; 15(1):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010087