Maternal Nutrition and Supplements for Mothers and Infants

Recommending maternal supplementation during lactation is usually unnecessary unless the mother's diet is inadequate. Continuing prenatal vitamins postpartum is generally sufficient. For malnourished women, supplementation may be suitable after personalized evaluations of maternal deficiencies and intake. For lactating mothers with a strict and restrictive vegetarian diet, the use of complementary protein combinations; supplementation with D and B vitamins; and attention to protein, iron, and calcium intake are warranted. 

Maintaining adequate vitamin D stores during pregnancy and lactation is essential. Supplements for breastfeeding infants are likely only necessary in exclusively breastfed infants if a deficiency is identified. The AAP recommends vitamin D 400 mg beginning at birth. Iron needs should be fulfilled with appropriate solid foods (iron-rich or iron-fortified) after six months of exclusive breastfeeding.

Lawrence RA. 8 - Maternal Nutrition and Supplements for Mother and Infant. Breastfeeding (Ninth Edition). Elsevier. 2022:247-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-68013-4.00008-0.